Nowadays, computers appear to do a lot more than unravel mathematical equations. In the last half- century, programming has become the ultimate tool to automate tasks and save time, but how much can we automate, and how do we go about doing so? Can a computer observe a photograph and say, “Aha, I see a lovely couple walking over a bridge under an umbrella in the rain”? Can software make medical decisions as accurately as trained professionals can?